NF H90-025-2-1991 货运集装箱.有关船载集装箱的信息.第2部分:电传数据传送

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【英文标准名称】:Opticsandopticalinstruments-Testmethodsfortelescopicsystems-Testmethodsforbinocularsystems
【原文标准名称】:光学和光学仪器.望远镜系统的试验方法.双筒望远镜系统的试验方法
【标准号】:BSISO14490-2-2006
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2006-01-23
【实施或试行日期】:2006-01-23
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:双筒望远镜;不平行度;光学设备;光学;视差;参数;特性;观测望远镜;规范(验收);望远镜;试验
【英文主题词】:Binoculars;Enlarging;Focusing;Measurement;Non-parallelism;Opticalequipment;Opticalinstruments;Opticalproperties;Optics;Parallax;Parallelism;Parameters;Properties;Sightingtelescopes;Specification(approval);Telescopes;Testing;Variations
【摘要】:ThispartofISO14490isapplicabletobinoculartelescopicsystemsandspecifiesthetestmethodsfordeterminationofthefollowingcharacteristics:—non-parallelismoftheaxesofbundlesofraysemergentfromtheeyepieces;—interpupillarydistance;—relativedifferenceinmagnification;—focusingdifferencebetweentelescopesofbinocularsystems.
【中国标准分类号】:N31
【国际标准分类号】:37_020
【页数】:12P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforCorrosionFatigueTestingofMetallicImplantMaterials
【原文标准名称】:金属植入物腐蚀疲劳试验的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMF1801-1997(2009)e1
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1997
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F04.15
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:corrosionfatigue;metallicimplantmaterials;physiologicalenvironment;Corrosion--surgicalimplants;Fatigue--surgicalimplantmaterials;Metallicsurgicalimplantmaterials;Physiologicalenvironment
【摘要】:Implants,particularlyorthopedicdevices,areusuallyexposedtodynamicforces.Thus,implantmaterialsmusthavehighfatigueresistanceinthephysiologicalenvironment.Thispracticeprovidesaprocedureforfatiguetestinginasimulatedphysiologicalenvironment.Axialtension-tensionfatiguetestsinanenvironmentaltestchamberarerecommendedasastandardprocedure.TheaxialfatigueloadingshallcomplywithPracticeE466andPracticeE467.Bendingandrotatingbendingbeamfatiguetestsortorsiontestsmaybeperformedinasimilarenvironmentalcell.Thispracticeisintendedtoassessthefatigueandcorrosionfatiguepropertiesofmaterialsthatareemployedorprojectedtobeemployedforimplants.Thispracticeissuitableforstudyingtheeffectsofdifferentmaterialtreatmentsandsurfaceconditionsonthefatiguebehaviorofimplantmaterials.Theloadingmodeoftheactualimplantsmaybedifferentfromthatofthispractice.Determiningthefatiguebehaviorofimplantsandimplantcomponentsmayrequireseparateteststhatconsiderthespecificdesignandloadingmode.Asasubstituteforbodyfluid,0.9%salinesolutionisrecommendedasastandardenvironment.OneofthevariousRinger''ssolutionsoranothersubstituteforbodyfluidmayalsobesuitableforparticulartests.However,thesevarioussolutionsmaynotgiveequalfatigueenduranceresults.Thechlorideionsarethemostcriticalconstituentinthesesolutionsforinitiatingcorrosionfatigue.Becauseimplantsaremanufacturedfromhighlycorrosion-resistantmaterials,novisiblecorrosionmaybedetectablebyopticalorelectron-optical(SEM)means.Onlyadecreaseoffatiguestrengthinthehighcyclicliferangemaybenoticeable.Therefore,S-Ncurvescoveringabroadfatigueloadingrangeshouldbegeneratedin0.9%salinesolution(Ringer''ssolutions)andair.Comparisonoffatiguecurvesgeneratedinairandsalinesolutionmaybetheonlywaytoassesstheeffectofthesalineenvironment.Wherethefatiguebehaviorofamaterialsystemisalreadyestablished,itmaysufficetotestmodificationsofthematerialpropertiesorsurfaceconditioninonlyaselectedstressrange.Therecommendedloadingfrequencyofonehertzcorrespondstothefrequencyofweight-bearingduringwalking.Forscreeningtests,highertestfrequenciesmaybeused;butitmustberealizedthathigherfrequenciesmayaffecttheresults.SummaryofStandardConditions8212;Forinter-laboratorycomparisonsthefollowingconditionsareconsideredasthestandardtest.Axialtension-tensiontestswithcylindricalspecimensin37x00B0;C0.9%salinesolutionandairunderaloadingfrequencyof1Hz.1.1ThispracticecoverstheprocedureforperformingcorrosionfatigueteststoobtainS-Nfatiguecurvesorstatisticallyderivedfatiguestrengthvalues,orboth,formetallicimplantmaterials.Thispracticedescribesthetestingofaxiallyloadedfatiguespecimenssubjectedtoaconstantamplitude,periodicforcingfunctioninsalinesolutionat37x00B0;Candinairatroomtemperature.Theenvironmentaltestmethodforimplantmaterialsmaybeadaptedtoothermodesoffatigueloadingsuchasbendingortorsion.Whilethispracticeisnotintendedtoapplytofatiguetestsonimplantablecomponentsordevices,itdoesprovideguidelinesforfatiguetestswithstandardspecimensinanenvironmentrelatedtophysiologicalconditions.1.2Thevaluesstatedinei......
【中国标准分类号】:C45
【国际标准分类号】:11_040_40
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语